Religion and Women

Women in Sikhism

The founder of Sikhism, Sri Guru Nanak Dev, is quoted to have said in 1499:

From woman, man is born; within woman,
man is conceived; to woman he is engaged and married.
Woman becomes his friend; through woman, the future generations come.
When his woman dies, he seeks another woman; to woman he is bound.
So why call her bad? From her, kings are born.
From woman, woman is born; without woman, there would be no one at all.
Guru Nanak, Raag Aasaa Mehal 1, Page 473

The role of women in Sikhism was first outlined in the Sikh Scriptures, which were written around 1500. The scriptures state that the Sikh woman is to be regarded as man's equal and is to have all the rights and privileges enjoyed by a man. She is considered to have the same soul as man and has the equal right to grow spiritually. The Sikh woman is allowed to lead religious congregations, to take part in the Akhand Path (the continuous recitation of the Holy Scriptures), to perform Kirtan (congregational singing of hymns), to work as a Granthi (priest) or a preacher and to participate freely in all religious, cultural, military, social, political and secular activities.

Sikh history includes the role of women very prominently and portrays them as equal in service, devotion, sacrifice and bravery. The first woman to be remembered in Sikhism is Mata Tripta Ji, the mother of the first and founder Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji. She meditated while carrying the child Nanak in her womb, and she brought him up with love and tender care, trying to protect him from his father Mehta Kalu’s wrath for being solitary. Bebe Nanaki Ji, the elder and the only sister of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, recognised the divine light in her brother and envisaged his mission of life before anyone else could perceive it. Sikh history records the names of several ladies such as Mai Bhago, Mata Sundari, Rani Sahib Kaur, Rani Sada Kaur and Maharani Jind Kaur who played a leading role in the events of their time and left their imprint on them. Mata Khivi established the present-day Langar system. Women are given Kaur, a part of their name, its origin found in the word Kanwar meaning Crown Prince, to give them an identity independent of that of their husband and to uplift their spirit.

Bhai Gurdas, poet of early Sikhism and authoritative interpreter of Sikh doctrine, pays high tribute to womankind. He says, "A woman, is the favourite in her parental home, loved dearly by her father and mother. In the home of her in-laws, she is the pillar of the family, the guarantee of its good fortune... Sharing in spiritual wisdom and enlightenment and with noble qualities endowed, a woman, the other half of man, escorts him to the door of liberation." (Varan, V.16)

Such being the respect for womanhood among the Sikhs, monogamy has been the rule for them and polygamy a rare exception. Female infanticide is prohibited. As a practical step towards discouraging the practice of sati, Sikhism permits remarriage of widows. Guru Amar Das condemned purdah, the wearing of the veil. Out of 146 chosen, the Guru appointed 52 women missionaries to spread the message of Sikhism, and out of 22 Manjis established by the Guru for the preaching of Sikhism, four were women. "Any other dowry offered is a valueless display of false pride and of no earthly use." Guru Ram Das, Page 79, line 2



Women in Hinduism

The role of women in Hinduism is often disputed, from quite fair to extremely intolerant. Hinduism is based on numerous texts, some of which date back to 2000 BC. They are varied in authority, aunthencity, content and theme, with the most authoritative being the Vedas. Positive references are made to the ideal woman in texts such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, while some texts such as the Manu Smriti advocate a restriction of women's rights.

The Shakti traditions for example focus their worship on the goddess Durga as the supreme embodiment of power and feminine strength (a female form of God). Vaishnavism and Shaivism both worship Lakshmi with Vishnu and Parvati with Shiva respectively as beings on an equal level of magnitude (the male and female aspects of God). In some instances such as with Gaudiya Vaishnavism, specific emphasis is placed on the worship of God's female aspect (Radharani) even above that of her paramour Krishna. Thus it could be said that Hinduism considers God to have both male and female aspects, as the original source of both.

Several women sages and seers are mentioned in the Upanishads, the philosophical part of the Vedas, notable among them being Gargi and Maitreyi. The Sanskrit word for female teachers as Acharyā (as opposed to Acharya for teacher and Acharyini for teacher's wife) reveal that women were also given a place as Gurus. In contrast, the later Bhagavata Purana, says that women are unfit for hearing the Veda.

In a Hindu marriage, both husband and wife are two parts of one, complementing each other and becoming one in their spiritual journey. The Vedas prescribe, as do most ancient cultures, that a dowry be given by the bride's family to the groom. In the Manu Smriti, on the other hand, 8 types of marriage are specified; two involve bedecking the bride with costly garments and ornaments before giving her away, two involve the groom's family giving a gift to the bride's and the other four do not involve any exchange of gifts.

Both Manusamhita and Arthashastra say that, if the husband is impotent, a traitor, evil-liver, has become an ascetic or an outcast or is missing for a prescribed number of years, then the wife can leave him without blame and marry again. According to all Hindu scriptures, a widow can remarry.


Women in Christianity

Christianity emerged from Judaism, which is considered by some a patriarchal religion, because God is almost always referred to with masculine pronouns. Judaism maintains that God has no biological sex, and that the very concept of gender does not apply to God. Similarly, in human beings gender is an attribute of the physical body while the soul has no gender.

According to one of the two Creation Stories from the Jewish tradition, Eve, the first woman, was created out of the rib of Adam, the first man. Interpreters often consider this to indicate a natural inferiority of women within the creation story of the religion, although it bears noting in rejoinder that the world is replete with examples where an extracted component of a commodity is of greater value than the original commodity Thus, even on its own terms, the "adam's rib" theory is open to question. Eve's weakness has sometimes been blamed for causing Adam's fall, and thus for humanity's fall into original sin.

Jesus said very little about the roles of men and women, but the way he acted shows how he considered the subject. In John 4:7 we find him talking to an unrelated woman as an equal, something no Jewish or Roman male of that day would normally do. He talks with the Samaritan woman at the well, and treats her with respect, though her own neighbors obviously treat her with disdain. In Luke 8:1-3 and several other passages, we see that Jesus had women as disciples. Jesus calls a woman, Mary Magdalene, to be the first witness to carry the good news of the resurrection. This is extraordinary, and notable with regard to the fact that women were not allowed to be witnesses in legal proceedings under rabbinical law. Many female ministers have held this to be the main justification for their equal calling. A woman named Junia is mentioned of note among the apostles (KJV) Romans 16:7. In Galatians 3:28-29, the author (Paul) makes a blanket statement that baptism into Christ constitutes putting on or clothing one's self with Christ. This passage reads:
..."There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus"

Also, much of the imagery in the Bible depicts the Church as a bride, with Jesus Christ as the bridegroom. Therefore, every woman is in some sense an icon of the Christian Church. Men are also encouraged to live as icons of Christ, but to imitate Christ's humility and laying down of his life, rather than attempting to imitate Christ's lordship.

There are many scriptural references that reveal distinct functions/roles between men and women at home and in the church. In general, men are exhorted to lead with love and consideration, while women are told to submit with loving reverence. In scripture, one can find that outside contexts of formality, women operate in many gifts of the Spirit like evangelizing, prophesying, serving, praying, teaching, laboring in ministry, preaching. (John 4:28-30; 1 Cor 11:1-16; Matt 27:55; Acts 1:14; Acts 18:26; Phil 4:3; Luke 2:36-38)

Many Christians also see Mary as the prototypical Christian, as in the Bible she was the first to hear the Good News of Jesus' coming. She is one of the few of Jesus' followers reported to be present at his crucifixion. Thus she is a woman who is most imitated among Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saints.


Women in Islam

According to a saying attributed to Muhammad:

Whosoever has a daughter and he does not bury her alive, does not insult her, and does not favour his son over her, God will enter him into Paradise. Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal 1957

Islam considers men and women to be equal by nature. However, it differentiates between men and women in certain aspects. Some argue that this differentiation is in fact discrimination according to their status and responsibilities. Women according to the Qur'an are not to be blamed for Adam's first mistake. Both were jointly wrong in their disobedience to God; both repented and both were forgiven. It also states that males and females were both created from the same soul.

The Qur'an also explicitly outline women's inheritance rights. Her possessions before marriage do not transfer to her husband and she even keeps her maiden name. She has no obligation to spend on her family out of such properties or out of her income after marriage. She is entitled to the Mahr which she takes from her husband at the time of marriage.

Woman's primary responsibility is usually interpreted as having to raise children. Some Muslims believe that if women fulfill this, they may have a career if they wish and their husbands agree. As in Qur'an, Men are the maintainers of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out of their property; the good women are therefore obedient... Qur'an, 4:34
According to the Islamic Law, women cannot be forced to marry anyone without their consent. In both the Sunni and Shi'a traditions the right of divorce is primarily for men. In case where the woman wants a divorce, she will ask a court of law for divorce. The divorced wife keeps her mahr and anything which was given by the husband to his wife.

Islam advocates a harmonious relationship between husband and wife. However, in case of rebellious behaviour, the husband is asked to urge his wife to mend her ways, then to refuse to share their beds, and as the last resort, husbands are allowed to admonish their wives by beating (which is normally described as mild and which doesn't leave a mark). Beating wives for any other reason is completely prohibited, as Muhammad is attributed to say. Qur'an prohibits widows to engage themselves for four lunar months and ten days, after the death of their husbands. Islamic scholars consider this directive a balance between mourning of husband's death and protection of widow from censure that she became interested in re-marrying soon after her husband’s death.

Hijab is usually taken to mean modest dress and demeanour in general. Women, as well as men, are encouraged to become as educated as they can in Islam, and therefore there is nothing wrong with women becoming scholars. However the right to have an official position in a masjid is disputed by many. Some argue that Qur'an gives woman's right to participate in public affairs as there are examples of women who participated in serious discussions and argued even with the Prophet Muhammad himself.

LOVE THAT RUINS

“ The cruelest thing a man can do to a woman, is to let her fall in love, when he doesn’t intend to catch her ” – Mae West

“He uses and throws away”, said one of my friends about his boss. He was not talking about the designer wear or the electronic items that his boss used and threw away but about his girlfriends. He proudly claimed that his boss was an expert in enticing the woman he desired to catch and that he had a superb choice. “Does he really love the woman?”, I asked. To which he replied, “Its all for change and fun, then its someone else.” And how does the woman react? “Some shout, some weep but at the end boss has got rid of her.” Many men consider women a usable property. Enticing women becomes easy for men who have power and money. For such men winning over beautiful women’s hearts is a matter of pride and ego satisfaction. These men misuse the beautiful word ‘love’ to fulfill their selfish motives. Once accomplished, they violate the women. And to justify their act prove the women ‘sour grapes’.

EMOTIONAL WEAPON
Elsamma was hired as a secretary at a large textile company. To her dismay, she found that her boss asked her to work late with him on several projects. He spent much of his time telling her about his personal problem including his unsatisfactory relationship with his wife. He told that his wife not only had a bad nature but also had a bad character. He usually apologized to Elsamma for keeping her at work so late and offered her dinner. Elsamma sympathized with him and accepted his proposal after he promised to divorce his wife and marry her.

One day when her boss did not come to the office, Elsamma decided to visit him at his house. There she saw her boss cracking jokes to his wife and playing with his children. She also found his wife to be a good natured and decent woman.

Next day when Elsamma asked for an explanation, she was fired from the company under the pretext of inefficient work.

SHOWERING FAVOURS
Radhika, an undergraduate, and her family were in great financial trouble after the accidental death of her father. Her cousin’s friend offered her a job. He frequently visited Radhika’s house and tried to be helpful to them in every possible way. He even arranged for heavy medical expenses when her mother met with an accident. Very soon he made a place in Radhika’s heart. She considered him to be a person on whom she could depend. She did not understand his intentions behind all the favours.

Radhika accepted his proposal. For some time he kept a relationship with her. Suddenly he severed all ties with her, after going to the USA. Meanwhile Radhika was asked to either pay all the medical expenses incurred or quit the job without taking the salary. Radhika quit her job.

PRAISING TO LURE
There was a rich guy who called Juli a perfect girl to start a family with. He used to criticize the lifestyle of rich women, having meaningless ego and snobbish nature. He always compared the goodness of Juli to rich women and his desire to live a simple and middle-class life. His praises made Juli feel that they were made for each other. He behaved in such a sincere way that could fool anyone.

He took Juli to grand hotels and restaurants and showered her with many gifts. Juli hardly realized that all the praises were to lure her and got involved with him. After some months one day from a close friend she realized that he was already engaged to a rich girl. When she asked for an explanation from him, he cursed her to be a middle-class girl, having a middle-class mentality and violated her. The incident made such a bad impact on her mind that she remained depressed for much time and is not able to trust any man.

ACTING THE PERFECT GUY
Rani was an educated, smart and independent woman. She was confident in her decisions. One of her colleagues knew that enticing Rani would not be easy. After finding out what kind of man attracted Rani he acted the same in front of her.

Rani could not understand the real person behind him and got carried away in his acting. After a few months she found that he was having a live-in relationship with another woman. She reached his house, fought with him and finally asked him to make a choice. He chose the other girl.

It is very important for a woman to understand the man completely before accepting his proposal to avoid exploitation of any kind. Here are some tips that can be followed before accepting the proposal:

• Find out what people have to say about him and his reputation. Take each word seriously.
• Get information about his past. If he had a relationship break-up then do find out the reason for the same.
• ‘ A man is known by the company he keeps ‘. Get details about his family background and friend-circle. Try to judge him accordingly.
• Answers to questions like, Where does he spend his free time? What does he think about women? What sort of women-friends he has? Will help you to judge his character.
• Insist that he gives you all his contact numbers, addresses. Make surprise calls and pay surprise visit to find whether they are correct or not.
• If he is showering unrealistic praises and extra favours then caution yourself. He may be trying to lure you for his wrong intentions.
• If he is trying to force you for something that you don’t wish, then strictly let him know about it even if he happens to be your boss, friend or someone else.
• Let your parents, close friends or some elder person to whom you are close know that he has proposed you and ask for their opinion. Take their opinion seriously.
• Don’t meet him at any private place alone or take such favours that binds you to him.
• Don’t blindly trust his each word. Try to find the truth in it. If you have doubt about something don’t let it go. Ask him to explain.

RIGHTFUL FAITH

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GUARD YOUR GOODNESS

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FRUIT FACTS

APPLE
The apple tree, which originally came from Eastern Europe and southwestern Asia, has spread to most temperate regions of the world. Over the centuries, many hybrids and cultivars have been developed, giving us the 7,000 varieties in the market today. The first trees to produce sweet, flavourful apples similar to those we enjoy today, were located many thousands of years ago near the modern city of Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan. Apples have long been famous or infamous, given the pivotal role played by an apple in the biblical story of Adam and Eve. In the Swiss story of William Tell, an archer is arrested and then promised his freedom if he can shoot an apple off his son’s head with an arrow. In Norse mythology, apples were given a more positive persona: a magic apple was said to keep people young forever. Apples’ appearance in history occurred in the 1800s in the U.S., when Johnny Appleseed—a real person named John Chapman, despite the mythological quality of his tale—walked barefoot across an area of 100,000 square miles, planting apple trees that provided food and a livelihood for generations of settlers.

Apple contains sugars, fruit acids, pectin, vitamins A, B1, C, fibre , minerals. It has been found that eating apples helps to reduce blood cholesterol, improve bowel function, lung function, reduce risk of stroke, cancer, Type II diabetes, respiratory diseases due to the presence of antioxidants and asthma. Besides therapeutic benefits, apples are also found to play a role in inhibiting ageing-related problems, preventing wrinkles and promoting hair growth (due to compound named procyanidin B-2) , aid digestion and weight-loss.

According to the FAO estimate of the UN for the year 2003, China, USA and France are the highest producers of Apples in the world. India ranks tenth with a production of 1,420,000 MT.


MANGO
The mango known as the 'king of fruit' throughout the world, is native to southern Asia, especially Burma and eastern India where they have been grown for more than 4,000 years. It spread early on to Malaya, eastern Asia and eastern Africa. They were introduced into Australia in the 1800s and to California (Santa Barbara) in 1880. Mangoes were brought to England and Europe after the English occupied India in 1800's. The name 'mango' is derived from the Tamil word 'mangkay' or 'man-gay'. When the Portuguese traders settled in Western India they adopted the name as 'manga'. The mango is a member of the Anachardiaceae family. Other distant relatives include the cashew, pistachio, Jamaica plum, poison ivy and poison oak.

Mangoes are an excellent source of Vitamins A and C, as well as a good source of Potassium that helps to replenish and contain beta carotene. Mangoes are high in fiber that helps to prevent certain type of cancer and lower blood cholesterol, but low in calories (approx. 110 per average sized mango), fat (only 1 gram) and sodium. Mangoes contain an enzyme with stomach soothing properties that act as a digestive aid and is a very good tenderizing agent. A mango-a-day helps to spare the gruesome details regarding constipation, piles and spastic colon.

India is the world’s largest mango producer, growing nearly 1000 varieties of mango and contributing over 50 per cent of the world’s total mango production of approximately 10,500,000 MT followed by China and Thailand according to the FAO estimates of the UN for the year 2003.


BANANA
Bananas are thought to have originated in Malaysia around 4,000 years ago and are mentioned for the first time in history in buddhist texts 600 years BC. From there, they spread throughout the Philippines and India, where they were recorded growing by Alexander the Great’s army in 327 B.C. Bananas were introduced to Africa by Arabian traders and discovered there in 1482 A.D. by Portuguese explorers who took them to the Americas.

Containing three natural sugars - sucrose, fructose and glucose combined with fiber, carbohydrates and B vitamins a banana gives an instant, sustained and substantial boost of energy. Banana is also a source of vitamin C, A and high levels of potassium. The natural fiber in bananas contribute to the many health benefits like healthy bowels, cardiovascular health, protection from stokes, protection from ulcers, improve blood pressure, may boost mood, help reduce water retention. Bananas are also low in calories and fat, plus they have a high water content and potassium level.

India is the highest producer of Bananas with a production of 16,450,000 MT followed by Brazil and Ecuador according to the FAO estimate of UN for the year 2003.


ORANGES
Oranges, the most important citrus crop in the world, originated thousands of years ago in Asia, in the region from southern China to Indonesia from which they spread to India. Although Renaissance paintings display oranges on the table in paintings of The Last Supper, the assumption that they were grown in this region at this time seems to be erroneous since oranges were not cultivated in the Middle East until sometime around the 9th century.

The strongly acidic fruit of the bitter oranges stimulates the digestion and relieves flatulence. An infusion of the fruit is thought to soothe headaches, calm palpitations, and lower fevers. The juice helps the body eliminate waste products, and, being rich in vitamin C, helps the immune system ward off infection. If taken to excess, however, its acid content can exacerbate arthritis. The essential oils of bitter orange, especially neroli, are sedative. In Western medicine, these oils are used to reduce heart rate and palpitations, encourage sleep, and soothe the digestive tract. Diluted neroli is applied as a relaxing massage oil. The distilled flower water is antispasmodic and sedative.

According to the FAO estimate of the UN for the year 2003, Brazil, USA and Mexico are the top three producers of oranges in the world. India ranks sixth with a production of 2,980,000 MT.


PAPAYA
Papayas, reputably called “the fruit of the angels” by Christopher Columbus., native to Central America, have been long revered by the Latin American Indians. Spanish and Portuguese explorers brought papayas to many other subtropical lands to which they journeyed including India, the Philippines, and parts of Africa. In the 20th century, papayas were brought to the United States and have been cultivated in Hawaii.

Papayas offer not only the luscious taste and sunlit color of the tropics, but are rich sources of antioxidant nutrients such as carotenes, vitamin C and flavonoids; the B vitamins, folate and pantothenic acid; and the minerals, potassium and magnesium; and fiber. Together, these nutrients promote the health of the cardiovascular system, bowel syndrome, immune system, prevention of recurring ear infections, cold, flu and also provide protection against colon cancer. In addition, papaya contains the digestive enzyme, papain, which is used like bromelain, to treat sports injuries, other causes of trauma, and allergies. The severity of diseases that are worsened by inflammation, such as asthma, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is reduced by consuming papaya.

According to the FAO estimate of the UN for the year 2003, Brazil, Mexico and Nigeria are the top three producers of papaya in the world. India ranks fourth with a production of 700,000 MT.


GRAPES
In ancient history, grapes were considered the food of the gods. They were found in the Egyptian tombs and the Bible, being referred to as the “fruit of the vine.”, is filled with stories about the joys and sorrows resulting from the fermented juices of this fruit. Grapes have grown wild since prehistoric times, evidence suggests they were cultivated in Asia as early as 5000 BC. There are between 40 and 50 different varieties of grapes which come in a multiple of greens, whites, reds and purples.

Grapes are an excellent source of potassium which encourage an alkaline blood balance and also stimulate the kidneys and regulate heart beat. The restorative power of grapes is phenomenal, cleansing the liver and removing the uric acid from the body. Grape fruit contains sugar, acids, pectin, pigments, vitamins A, B1, B2, B12, and C, ionized water (80%), trace elements and seeds contain anthocyanins, polyunsaturated oil, flavonoid compounds include quercitin, as well as a second flavonoid-type compound (falling into the chemical category of stilbenes)called resveratrol, an excellent candidate for use as a cancer-preventive agent in prostate, lung, liver and breast cancer. Both compounds appear to decrease the risk of heart disease by Reducing platelet clumping and harmful blood clots and protect against Macular Degeneration.

According to the FAO estimate of the UN for the year 2003, Italy, France and Spain are the top three producers of Grapes in the world. India ranks fourteen with a production of 1,200,000 MT.


PINEAPPLE
While pineapples are thought to have originated in South America, they were first discovered on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe by Christopher Columbus in 1493. Columbus and other discovers brought pineapples back to Europe. The new fruit was eventually carried to India, Africa, China, and the East Indies-warm places where the tender plants could reach maturity by the Spanish and Portuguese explorers.

Pineapple has significant levels of vitamins A and C. It contains bromelain, a protein-splitting enzyme that has been shown to increase bleeding time, reduce the aggregation of platelets, reduce inflammation and swelling and has proved effective in killing parasites such as worms. The sour, unripe fruit improves digestion, increases appetite, and relieves dyspepsia: In Indian herbal medicine, pineapple is thought to act as a uterine tonic. The ripe fruit cools and soothes, and is used to settle gas and reduce excessive gastric acid. Its significant fiber content makes it useful in constipation. Pineapple is an excellent source of thiamin, riboflavin, two B vitamins, trace mineral manganese, which is an essential cofactor in a number of enzymes important in energy production and antioxidant defenses.

According to the FAO estimate of the UN for the year 2003, Thailand, Philippines and Brazil are the top three producers of Pineapples in the world. India ranks fourth with a production of 1,100,000 MT.

THE NAME GAME

The most sweetest word for each one of us is probably our name, for it gives us an identity. But how often we tend to forget the names of people whom we have met in lives. It may be very painful for the other person to know that you don't remember the person.

To avoid this situation remember the name as soon as you are introduced to any person. Look carefully at the person and find out something that can be associated with the person's name like Naina has beautiful eyes, Iqbal ('iq' 'bal') has good hair.

Or you can associate with someone you know may be your family member, actor, actress, some personality, brand name, God etc.

Or you can associate with anything about the person itself,about career, address, hobbies etc like Jeevan is a doctor, Usman stays at Usmanpura, Navrang likes painting.

Or you can break the name and try to bring some meaning to it like Simran, break it into 'Sim' , 'ran', so a slim girl is running, now imagine Simran running, Jaspreet, break it into 'jas', 'preet', means just love and so on.

Use the persons name as often as possible like Hello Kiran and not just Hello or Thank you Jai, for by doing this you are not only remembering the name but also giving importance to the person and importance is something liked by each one of us.

So next time don't say, " I have met you some where, but I don't remember your name. "

LOOKING AT THE ABILITIES OF THE DISABLED

Mukeshbhai is a physiotherapist earning five figure per month, owns a car and is a consultant for various hospitals. Kanchan Patel is a mother of two kids, takes care of her home and retail shop selling handmade articles all alone efficiently. Zakir is a computer programmer working with a reputed company. Sounds normal. They all are disabled. Mukeshbhai and Kanchan totally blind and Zakir handicapped.

They all lead a normal life. They do their own work, take care of their family needs, enjoy with their friends but what hurts them is the discouraging and inferior attitude from the better provided people.

Recollects Mukeshbhai, "When I lost sight, people around discouraged me by saying that I wont be able to do anything and my life is spoilt, but I studied physiotherapy and today earn double than what I used to earn as sighted. It hurts when people doubt my abilities but I have proved most of them wrong."
Says Maulesh Bhavsar, a computer designer without hands, " I don't consider myself less than anybody. When I went for mountaineering people said I wont be able to cross the river. But I showed them that I could cross the river by doing so. I feel bad when people consider me inferior to them and show pity towards me."

Disability is often associated with inability. People consider a disabled a burden, worthless person and treat him as a second grade citizen. All this develops a complex and frustrates them.

But a disabled is better than an abled in many ways. Says Dr. Bhushan Punani, executive director, Blind People's Association, " A disabled is struggling for survival and those who are struggling accept life in a better way. Their performance is better, they are more sincere because for them mobility is limited and the sense of competing with a better provided person makes them more polished, tough, understanding and prepared."

The abled people do not understand this fact. They think a disabled has to remain dependent on them and show compassion. " Even today a disabled cannot stand and say that I deserve this for it's my right for he is not considered a person in his own right. We cannot say with confidence that they need opportunity not sympathy", adds Dr. Punani.

So, what kind of attitude an able bodied person have for the disabled? Suggests Dr. Paresh Shah, a consultant physiatrist, " If a supportive kind of attitude either in the form of a job, friendly behavior or some therapy without showing any pity or over protective behavior will definitely affect the personality of the disabled person. It will give them a boost. They will feel wanted and cared by the society and shine out with confidence in whatever area they are interested."

Just look at the abilities of the disabled and think that they have acquired them with lot of hard work and patience and are complete humans with all potentials.

WOMAN IN MAN'S WORLD

Where the women are held in reverence there do God's reside' is an old Sanskrit proverb. You may find similar sayings praising women in different ways. But the reality is that One Indian Woman is

Teased in every 52 minutes
Kidnapped in every 43 minutes
Molested in every 26 minutes
Raped in every 54 minutes
Dies of dowry death in every 2 hours
Killed in every 32 minutes

Before the advent of the Aryans, Indian women enjoyed a noble status. The Aryan culture established a patriarchal social system ordaining the father as the head of the family. Vedas contain numerous prayers for the birth of male children.

This negative attitude towards women was aggravated with the preaching’s of certain religious leaders. Tulsidas legitimized wife beating by saying, " Dhol, ganwar, shudra, nashu, nari - yeh sab hain tadan ke adhikari ". Manu the Hindu lawgiver fixed the inferior status of women. Goddess Sita became the role model for the wives though their husbands were far below the mark of Rama.

With the advent of Muslim rule, the freedom of Indian woman was further curtailed. Their confinement to the four walls of home gave birth to various social evils.

In daily life, women are routinely defined by sex and even if all men are not kidnappers, rapist, batterers and murderers of women but all women are potential victims


DOWRY

Dowry has been defined in Section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 in the following words :

' Dowry ' means any property or valuable security given or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly;

(a) by one party to a marriage to the other party to the marriage; or
(b) by the parents of either party to a marriage or by any other person to either party to the marriage or to any other person, at or before any time after the marriage in connection with the marriage of the said parties but does not include dower or mehr in the case of persons to whom the Muslim Personal Law (Sariat) applies.

There are multifarious ways in which the dowry seekers and givers rationalize their demand and compulsions for giving dowry respectively. Some of these are:

o To maintain the prestige of both the sides.
o To make one's daughter's life comfortable and save her from tortures of her in-laws.
o If an elder sister gets married without dowry, problems crop up in the marriage of the younger sister.
o To compensate on the money spent on the groom's education and upbringing.
o Demanding dowry in son's marriage in order to finance the daughter's marriage.

If dowry is not given, then the bride is mentally and physically harassed. She has to face humiliation, lack of food, burning, poisoning, electric shocks, nagging etc.

Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 suggests penalty for giving, taking and demanding dowry. Gandhiji said, " Any young man who makes dowry a condition, dishonours womanhood and discredits his education and country. "


RAPE

Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 has defined rape in the following words:

A man is said to commit "rape" who, except in the case hereinafter excepted, has sexual intercourse with a woman under circumstances falling under any of the six following descriptions:

1. Against her will.
2. Without her consent.
3. With her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her or any person in whom she is interested in fear of death or of hurt.
4. With her consent, when, the man knows that he is not her husband, and that her consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is or believes herself to be lawfully married.
5. With her consent, when, at the time of giving such consent, by reason of unsoundness of mind or intoxication or the administration by him personally or through another of any stupefying or unwholesome substance, she is unable to understand the nature and consequences of that to which she gives consent.
6. With or without her consent, when she is under sixteen years of age.

The biological weakness of women makes her an easy prey. She is often a victim of physical violence not only outside her home but also in her home. In our society instead of providing sympathy and reassurance, the rape victim is seen at fault, which leaves her with a sense of guilt and impurity. She is kept isolated from the society. Rape victims often do not lodge a complaint about the occurrences. The reasons being:

o An unmarried girl, if raped, may not get married.
o Afraid to face the people and friends.
o If the girl belongs to some reputed party, then it would tarnish the party's image.
o Law may not give justice.
o A Married woman fears that her husband will leave her.
o Social organizations do not always help just give theoretical advice only.
o Police and doctors are not co-operative or compassionate.
o Her whole family gets isolated from the society.
o Difficulty in getting jobs.

All this makes the rapist stronger. And the girl commits suicide, feels guilty throughout her life, develops mental disorders, maintains a secretive attitude or never marries.

Section 376, 376A, 376B, 376C, 376D of the Indian Penal Code suggest the punishments for rape.


PROSTITUTION

The Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act, amended in 1978 defines prostitution as the act of a female offering her body for promiscuous sexual intercourse for hire whether in money or in kind, and whether offered immediately or otherwise.

Prostitution is the worst evil prevailing. It destroys the life of a female and is a stigma on our society. Call Girls, Dancing girls, Religious prostitutes, Common prostitutes, child prostitutes (girls below the age of 16 years) are the various forms of prostitution. The reasons are:


o Increasing landlessness and pauperization have led many women to migrate to urban areas where they usually become prostitutes to support themselves and their family.
o Pimps look out for destitute who are willing to sell their girls.
o The demand of prostitutes in urban areas is increasing because many men leave their families behind when they migrate to other cities and need a prostitute to satisfy their physical desires.
o Women who are kidnapped, raped, cheated, discarded by the society end up doing prostitution.
o The ambition of a luxurious and glamorous lifestyle end up making girls from respectable families prostitutes.



The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 amended in 1986 by the Central Act no. 44 has provided various acts for upholding the public morality and protecting girls and women who are the victims of the acts of prostitution. Punishments are severe incase of child prostitution. Various other state acts are also in force to curb prostitution.


FAMILY VIOLENCE

It is believed that home is the safest place for a female but most acts of violence are committed in the home itself. At parent's home she is taught all household chores. She cannot step out to make a career without permission. She always has to hide her feelings, likings and needs from the male members, even for small matters.

After marriage her in-laws control her. She is expected to be submissive, good cook, hardworking, obedient and demonstrating selflessness about her possessions. And if she deviates from all this then entire family assume the right to punish her.

Alcoholism, gambling, extra marital relations, property, non-supportive parents, mal-adjustment, enforcing superiority and conservative outlook are the various reasons behind family violence.

The various types of family violence are: Physical violence: beating, burning, no food given, shutting her in a room, forced to eat chili powder; Psychological violence: insult, no communication, threat of murder or second marriage, suspicion about character, made to do complete house work, no contacts with parents; Sexual violence: denial, perversity.
Still most of the cases go unreported because of fear of social stigma, losing family prestige, financial problems, fear of divorce, future of children and apprehension. People from society do not interfere taking it as the personal matter of the family. In most cases in order to justify the wrong act the blame is put on women herself.

Indira Gandhi the first woman Prime Minister observed: " Women's emancipation or equality is a part of our general developmental plans, but, government action can be neither effective nor adequate unless women themselves become more aware of their rights and corresponding responsibilities. "


Law has provided various rights to women to ensure them equality with men. Chapter XX of the Indian Penal code, 1860 relates to the offences dealing with matrimonial cases under Sections (493 to 498A).




PROBLEMS OF WORKING WOMEN

Working women are subject to more exploitative problems and pressures than non-working women.

o Though talented, she is not encouraged.
o The usual remark is that " she'll leave after marriage." As a result, she is not paid attention properly nor taken seriously.
o Late hours of work means risk of some unsafe situations.
o She is expected to complete all her household chores and then go for work.
o Her salary is used for household expenses, while man can spend his income, as he likes.
o She has to cope up with all types of people and tolerate nuisance from her boss and colleagues.

To eliminate discrimination against women in field of employment the law has provided women with various rights



Since ages, man has taken advantage of woman in every possible way. Whether she is educated or not, working or non-working the problems faced by her are more or less equal. Man forgets that he is on this earth because of a woman and his life will be incomplete without a mother, sister or wife.

Our approach to problems of women is sure to change if girls are assured of a good career and bright prospect in life and if we liberate ourselves from the clutches of our traditions and superstitious beliefs. But, unless man changes his attitude toward a woman, complete liberation of woman is not possible in a male dominated society like ours.

Swami Vivekananda said, " That country and that nation which do not respect women have never become great, nor will ever be in future. "

STRIVE TO BE GREAT

Who thought the day when Gandhiji and Mother Teresa were born, they would be mourned by lakhs of people and that they would become great forever. No one is born great, one has to achieve it.

Todays man thinks that by achieving power, money, name and fame he will become great. If this is true then why did not Hitler and Rawan become great?

Greatness is hidden in each and every person, it depends on one whether he wants to be a Ram or a Ravan.

You will become great the day you conquer all your faults. What is required is a strong determination.

Remember:
 Don’t lie. Sacrifice for other’s happiness.
 Have a positive motto in life – If you find a person one inch more successful to you instead of pulling him down try to be four inches successful to him.
 Speak politely and be truthful. Always be honest.
 Anger is one word less to danger.
 A moment lost is lost forever. Time lost will never return back. So use it fruitfully.
 Don’t cheat your conscious, listen to it.
 Think good to act good.
 Tolerance, self-control and satisfaction will lead you to the path of greatness.
 Great people are always moving forward towards their goals. They don’t consider themselves great but people consider them great.

The heights by great men reached and kept, were not attained by sudden flight, But they when their companions slept, were toiling upward in the night.

FIRST AND FIRST

WORLDS OLDEST NEWS AGENCY

AFP (Agence France Presse) is the world's oldest established news agency, founded in 1835 by Charles-Louis Havas, the father of global journalism, a former banker, set up a business translating foreign newspapers. It began in Cubhyhole Office in Paris.

In the beginning pigeons flew between Paris and Boulogue carrying the news from Brussels (Belgium) and London(England). By 1845 the Agency was using the electric Telegraph. Today, the agency continues to expand its operations worldwide, reaching thousands of subscribers (radios, TVs, newspapers, companies) from its main headquarters in Paris and regional centers in Washington, Hong Kong, Nicosia and Montevideo. All share the same goal: to guarantee a top quality international service tailored for the specific needs of clients in each region.


WORLDS OLDEST BOOK

The world's oldest book in the history of mankind written in Etruscan, the language that is now lost, can be seen in Bulgaria's National Museum of History in Sofia. The rarity consists of 6 pages made of 24-carat gold and fastened together; the pages are covered with text and carry images of a horseman, a mermaid, a lyre and warriors.

The small book which age is over 2.5 thousand years was accidentally discovered 60 years ago in an old tomb with frescoes. The tomb was discovered in the Valley of Bulgarian Struma River during road construction works. A Bulgarian who lives in Macedonia presented the museum with the artifact on condition of anonymity. The benefactor discovered the book himself. As is known, the man is 87 years old now.


WORLDS OLDEST SONG

For fifteen years Prof. Anne Draffkorn Kilmer, who is professor of Assyriology, University of California, and a curator at the Lowie Museum of Anthropology at Berkeley, puzzled over clay tablets relating to music including some excavated in Syria by French archaeologists in the early '50s. The tablets from the Syrian city of ancient Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra) were about 3400 years old, had markings called cuneiform signs in the hurrian language (with borrowed akkadian terms) that provided a form of musical notation. One of the texts formed a complete cult hymn and is the oldest preserved song with notation in the world. Finally in 1972, Kilmer, developed an interpretation of the song based on her study of the notation


WORLDS OLDEST FORM OF ENTERTAINMENT

Worlds oldest form of safe, affordable, family entertainment is The Circus that dates back thousands of years worldwide.


WORLDS OLDEST PAINTING

The world's oldest reliably-dated paintings are found on the walls of the Chauvet caves in southern France. The paintings, which feature animals such as horses, rhinoceros, lions, and mammoths, range from 32,000 to 23,000 years old. They were discovered in 1994.


WORLDS OLDEST CITY

Hamoukar, the worlds oldest known city in a remote part of Syria, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers according to archaeologists. This apparent city was thriving at least 4000 B. C. - which is 6,000 years ago and functioning independently from Sumer. Cvilizations were advanced enough to reach the size and organizational structure that was necessary to be considered a city

The huge city is spread over 750 acres and is believed to have been home to up to 25,000 people. The archeologists found five large stone ovens large enough to feed huge numbers of people. This seems to indicate that this was a community with industries. Also, astonishing is the fact that the living quarters were double walled with a 2-inch gap between the two walls to encourage airflow, a primitive form of air conditioning since the summer temperatures in that region could reach 40C and above. Discoveries include stone gods, jewelry, porcelain figurines of lions, leopards, bears and horses, together with porcelain-like pottery, 7,000 beads, more than a hundred clay seals with hieroglyphics used to record trade transactions, and a large protective city wall.


WORLDS OLDEST TRADE

Dutch Slavery and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century is the Worlds oldest Trade. In a five-volume magnum opus on the Dutch East Indies, Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën (1724–26), Calvinist minister François Valentijn appropriately called the enslavement of human beings "the world's oldest trade" (den oudsten handel in de wereld). For most of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Dutch were active participants in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean slave trades. For brief spells during the seventeenth century they even dominated the Atlantic slave trade, while for nearly two centuries they were "the nexus of an enormous slave trade, the most expansive of its kind in the history of Southeast Asia.”


WORLDS OLDEST CAR

The worlds oldest car built in 1833 was handed over to the Berlin Museum for Traffic and Technology by a private owner. The car achieved a maximum speed of 40 km/h with steam from its coal fired boiler.


WORLDS OLDEST FOOD, VEGETABLE AND SPORTS DRINK

Fruits and vegetables are undoubtedly mans oldest food. Before the start of the organized agriculture, the prehistoric nomads lived on wild game, wild fruits, berries and roots. When the ancient man took to organized agriculture he cultivated grain crops as also some vegetables in his backyard.

The oldest vegetable known to man is Broad Bean and the oldest sport drink in the world is Water.


WORLDS OLDEST NATIONAL FLAG

According to a legend, Dannebrog fell down from the sky on June 15, 1219 to the Danish King Valdemar II during his crusade to Estonia. With the flag in hand, the King won the battle at Lyndanise near Reval (Tallinn). The flag was given to him as a divine approval. This is the explanation Danes like to give in order to tell the origin of the Danish national flag. If the legend of how Dannebrog became the Danish national flag were true, it would make it the World's oldest national flag still in use.


WORLDS OLDEST CREATURE

Scientists have decided that a fossil found near Stonehaven in Aberdeenshire is the remains of the oldest creature ever to live on land. It is thought that the one-centimetre millipede which was prized out of a siltstone bed is 428 million years old. Experts at the National Museums of Scotland and Yale University, US, have studied the fossil for months. They say the specimen is the earliest evidence of a creature living on dry land, rather than in the sea.

The discovery on the foreshore of Cowie Harbour was made by an amateur fossil hunter, Mike Newman. To recognise his role in the significant find, the new species - Pneumodesmus newmani - has been named after him. The fossil is believed to be some 20 million years older than what had previously been thought of as the oldest breathing animal - a peculiar spider-like creature chiselled out of the chert - a hard quartz rock - at Rhynie, also in Aberdeenshire. The millipede had spiracles, or primitive breathing structures on the outside of its body, making it the oldest air-breathing creature ever to have been discovered.


WORLDS OLDEST SPORT

Ulama, the oldest sport in the world played with a ball, is still being played in western Mexico. The oldest ulama court, in the Mexican state of Chiapas, was built around 1500BC, while latex balls used by the Olmecs, farther west, have been carbon-dated to 300-500 years earlier. Ulama is played on a long, narrow court, called a taste, which is 60 metres long and only four metres wide. The opposing sides, of five players each, take turns serving the four kilogram rubber ball and thereafter trying to move the ball up the field, hitting it only with the hip or upper thigh, which are protected by special garments. Points are scored if one team fails to return the other's serve across the halfway point of the taste, or if the serving team succeeds in getting the ball past the opponent's end line. The first team to score eight points wins.

OLDEST ARMY IN THE WORLD
The oldest-established military unit in the world is the 80-90 strong Pontifical Swiss Guard in Vatican city. The unit was officially founded on January 21, 1506, by Pope Julius II.

FIRST STAMP IN THE WORLD
The first atmp in the world was "Penny Black", released on May 6, 1841. It featured a portrait of Queen Victoria and got its name from the fact that it cost one penny and was printed in black ink. The second stamp in the world which was issued by Canton Zurich on January 3, 1843, featured the value of the stamp in large print on a netlike background.

GANDHIJI’S SENSE OF HUMOUR

Gandhiji was ones asked that what was the compelling force which sustained his unceasing quest for truth amidst humiliation he had to suffer at the hands of white rulers both in South Africa and India. He replied with a toothless smile, “ Next to my faith in God, it was only my sense of humour but for which I might have committed suicide.” Gandhiji used to digest the hardships of life with his continuous humour. His capacity to laugh at himself was as intense as his compassion for others. He could bring his blood pressure down by a roar of laughter.

Here are some interesting instances depicting Gandhiji’s remarkable sense of humour.


Return in the same coin
Gandhiji used to slap the child whom he loved. One day Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan said to Bapu, “Bapu, you slap the one you love, but you have never slapped me. This means that you do not love me.”

Bapu looked at the huge body of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, smiled and said, “I do love you, but I do not slap you for this reason that if you return in the same coin I will be crushed.”


A model by mistake
Once an artist made a sketch of Gandhiji and sent it to him to get his autograph. Returning that sketch Gandhiji wrote to the artist, “who is such an ugly man, whom you have made a model by mistake and sent this picture.”


Where are your trousers?
When Gandhiji went to London to attend the Round Table Conference, a journalist known for his wit asked him, “Where are your trousers Mr. Gandhi?” Gandhiji who had wrapped his body in a single shawl even in the London’s proverbial chill replied, “Yours is plus four, mine is minus four.”
With the same shawl over his shoulders he went to Buckingham Palace to take tea with King George V., a card came to Gandhiji with the following words inscribed in it. “Has Gandhi worn enough to see the King of England?” Wrote Gandhiji on the same card, “The King of England has enough on to see both of us.”


It costs enormously to keep Gandhi poor
A doctor friend came to Sabarmati Ashram when Gandhiji fell seriously ill. Bapu said , “How much fees will you give me if I allow you to examine me?” Gandhiji was a fabulous fund-raiser. For every signature he charged fees, for every autograph he filled his tin-box. This is how he ran his ashrams. Some times there was a windfall when a rich Seth or a mill owner called on him. “It costs enormously to keep Gandhi poor’, quipped the Nightingale of India, Sarojni Naidu.


Marriage warnings
Gandhiji was married to Kasturba at an age when neither understood the meaning of marriage. On Hindu marriage, he writes in his autobiography: The parents of the bride and the bridegroom often bring themselves to ruin over it. They waste their substances and time. Women whether they have a voice or no, sing themselves hoarse, even get ill and disturb the peace of their neighbours. It was only through these preparations that we got the warning of the coming event. I do not think it meant anything more to me than the prospect of good clothes to wear, drum beating, marriage processions, rich dinners and a strange girl to play with. The two children were married for 62 years.


Viceroy for a day
Asked by a foreigner as to what he would do if he were to be made the Viceroy of India for a day. Gandhi replied: ‘I shall clean the Augean stables of the scavengers near the Viceroy’s House.”

“If the viceroyalty is extended in your favour for another day, then what will you do?” he asked again. “I will do the same the next day,” was Gandhiji’s brief reply. If Gandhi were alive today he would have found a stable solution for our polluted cities and other environmental ills. Gandhiji wanted a sweeper girl to become the first President of India.

I would not mind if that was the only thing men killed
Louis Fisher, Gandhiji’s biographer spent a week with him. During the course of lunch, Gandhiji suggested that his guest may add plenty of salt and lemon in the vegetables. “Do you want to kill my taste, Mr. Gandhi?” he asked. “No, enrich the taste”, replied Bapu. Fischer resumed, “You are so non-violent, you wouldn’t kill even taste.” At which Mahatma replied, “If that was the only thing men killed, I would not mind.”

G. B. Shaw described Gandhiji as the only man in the east with a sense of humour.

REJECTING ENVY AND EMPHASIZING TRUTH

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PRAYER ENHANCES GOODNESS

Recently one of my friends told me, “It doesn’t matter whether you pray to God or not, being a good person is more important”.

Definitely being a good person is important. God does not need man’s prayer. God is free of all needs. Prayers are necessary means of helping us in being good human beings. The benefits that we derive from prayer are immeasurable and the blessings beyond imagination.

In ‘Contemplation Before Sleep’, Osho explains what real prayer is, “ Prayer does not mean saying something to God, asking for something. Prayer means listening to God. If you have to say something it can only be a Thank You. A simple yes is enough. But organized religions all over the world have been teaching people unnecessary prayers. And people are repeating those prayers, parrot like. They have lost all meaning, they have become pure ritual and they are only formal.

You have to learn the true prayer. It consists of silence, it consists of deep listening. God wants to convey something to you. He is searching for you but never finds you because you are always so busy.

Be silent, more and more unoccupied, more and more available and you will soon start hearing the still, small voice within. God does not speak from outside, he speaks from your innermost core, he is already there. And to be connected with your innermost core is true prayer. The moment you are connected it is so blissful, that you can only bow down in deep gratitude.” The most important function of prayer is to enable us to focus more clearly on the blessings we already have and this will support us during misery, to acknowledge the presence of God in all places, at all times.

Prayer means diving deep within yourself. Polybius (208 – 126 B.C.) said, “There is no witness so dreadful, no accuser so terrible as the conscience that dwells in the heart of every man.” God speaks and directs through our conscience. This is where real life happens. This is where real battle is fought. By constant prayer, by openness to the movement of god in our lives, we can lift ourselves out of the pit of materialism. While praying we may judge and determine if our actions are correct, whether they are appropriate before the Lord who has granted us life and who is gracious to our every moment. This will make us conscious of our misdeeds and give us a chance to correct ourselves.

God is the source of goodness. Present your good efforts before God and you will see what help he will give you to accomplish your virtuous deeds. Just as shadow follow the body, same way wrong temptations follow good deeds. Sri Ramakrishna said, “ Some spiritual exercise is needed. As one progresses in it one gets joy, by degrees. If there be a jar full of treasures buried deep in the earth, and if anyone wants it, he must take the trouble of digging on. The brow sweats, and it is only when after much excavation the spade strikes against the jar and produces the metallic sound, that one gets delighted. The clearer the sound, the more is his delight. So go on calling upon the Lord, think on him, he himself will arrange everything. “ God helps those who are rising on the ladder of goodness and rewards for their diligence and patience.

Prayer is a type of confession. An effective means of washing out all impurities, strains, stresses, disabilities and mental diseases. The pious thoughts and divine thinking that is created during the course of prayer spreads a spiritual force within and around the person. As a result the whole environment is filled with pious thoughts, peace and love. Such pious thoughts, daily, become the innermost recesses of man’s heart. He enlivens this belief and makes it constructive in the practical course of life.

Prayer leads to systematic development of will power, self-confidence, mental capabilities, psychic powers and creates a sound spiritual foundation. It purifies the heart, cultivates the conscience and comforts the soul. Prayer is a guide to the most upright way of life. A safeguard against indecency and evil, against deviation and stray. Prayer helps to develop a fully organized thought system, concentration of mind, sharpening of intellect and imports astonishing developments in the decisive faculties that together helps to deal with the complex situation rightly.

Tennyson, an English poet, said, “Human life without prayer is an empty vessel and unconscious like animal. ”

HELP THAT HURTS

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INNER STRENGTH ENHANCES LIFE

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STRENGTHEN YOUR FAMILY BOND

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RELAX ! The Why and How??

What do you do to relax after some tiring work? Have a strong cup of coffee or tea or puff a cigarette, but these can be harmful to your health and you can get addicted to them. They can also decrease your energy and reduce your performance level, if taken consistently. If you watch the idiot box or read something to relax, then you are not relaxing but straining your eyes and draining your left energy.

No matter how relaxing a work is, still it does involve a certain amount of stress. You can get headache or pain in the neck. You may feel exhausted and find it hard to concentrate on anything further. In such a state if you are asked to do some other work then you may not do it or do it without much care or interest.

Here are some tips that will surely leave you fresh and active for any amount of work throughout the day.

WALK
A 10 to 15 minutes walk on the open grounds with greenery will freshen you. A walk will loosen and relax your tired muscles. Do not think about anything while walking. This will leave you fresh and fit for your next work.

MEDITATION
This can work wonders. Find a place where you wont be distracted. Make sure there are no blaring sounds coming from surroundings. Sit in a pose most convenient to you, on a chair, floor or sofa with stretched or crossed legs. Whatever pose you select you should be able to remain still. Close your eyes, take a deep breath and concentrate on your breathing. You can also chant the name of your lord in your mind. Empty your mind of all thoughts. In 10 minutes, you will feel relaxed.

MUSIC
Music is the food of the soul. Soft, melodious or light instrumental music can help to soothe and relax the brain’s nerves. It will also remove your tensions. You can listen to music according to your mood. Try to avoid loud pop or rock music unless you find it relaxing.

SOCIALISING
You can talk or chat with someone whom you like. Let the topic be lively. In case you have some problem then you can discuss it with a person in whom you confide. This will make you feel lighter. In case you have no one to talk to about your problem then just shut the door and windows of your room and shout at the top of your voice. Psychology confirms this will help to relieve your emotions.

FOOD
Drink lime juice with honey or warm milk with honey instead of tea or coffee. Honey helps to increase energy and stamina and is good for health. Avoid eating heavy food as this can make you feel lazy and sleepy.

EXERCISE
Do some easy exercises like roll your head first from right to left and then all the way round for three times taking long breaths in between. A feeling of peace will gradually replace the strain. You can massage your whole body. Starting with your hair and forehead in circular motion, this will help to cure your headache. Then massage your ears, neck, hands and legs, which will help to remove pain from your body.

Constant reading or working in front of a computer can strain your eyes. The eyes can become dim and jumpy. Lay down in a relaxed way, close your eyes, place hot water compresses or chilled cucumber slices over your tired eyes for a few minutes. This will help to relax the nerves and muscles of the eyes. You can take warm (not hot) water bath or take a cold shower to refresh.

Do not consider yourself tired and sick but cultivate a positive attitude. If you constantly think that you are sick, exhausted and tired, no amount of moral boosters will work on your fatigued mind. Proper sleep, healthy food and regular exercises will keep you going smoothly throughout the day.

LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP

Hey friends, just imagine that you are giving a speech or taking to someone or just discussing about something. Amidst all these the other person is just giving you a dumb look or opposing to whatever you say or dominating you with a louder voice or just not listening to you. How will you feel at that moment of time? Surely you will feel miserable and be confused whether to continue or not. So, it is as much important to be a good listener as it is to be a good speaker. Anything said does not yield any result or it is not fruitful unless one listens to it properly.

But then neither the art of listening is taught in school nor do you inherit it from your parents, instead you have to cultivate it. So, here I am with five golden rules that will make you a good listener.

RULE 1
Listen exercising your whole body. Speaking dialogues is not enough, you need to show the same through actions in the same way. To substantiate if anything sounds funny express it through your facial expression or if you agree to something mere nod will do. If you don’t understand raise your eyebrows and shoulders which are important while listening. Maintain eye contact and honestly express what you feel.

RULE 2
Speak in between only if it is necessary, just as a driver uses breaks and horn for a perfect driving. Yu can say ‘yes’, ‘OK’, ‘ya’, ‘beg your pardon’ or ‘please repeat’, ‘can you be a bit louder’, etc.

RULE 3
Repeat your message just as replays are shown during cricket matches. If you fail to understand the meaning properly, then you can request the speaker to go back and repeat everything in detail. In case you do not agree to something express it in cool manner.

RULE 4
Understand the message, not merely words. If your friend suddenly invites you for a dinner, understand the message behind it. Whether he really wants to meet you or needs some kind of favour or something else. This rule helps you to understand what is unsaid or said indirectly. Facial expressions, eye contact, touch and body language will help you understand this rule. But then don’t jump to conclusions.

RULE 5
If you are listening to a speech then make a summary of all the important points in your mind and think about it.
So, next time don’t blame your ears that you did not listen, blame yourself.

BE A VEGETARIAN

A Key to Good Health

Once a farmer asked Thoreau, U.S. naturalist and writer, “I hear you don’t eat meat, where do you get your strength?” Pointing to the husky team of horses he said, “ Where do they get their strength?”

Vegetarianism has been a way of life for many people for centuries. There is no need for humans to eat any animal product. An adult male requires 44-56 grams and an adult female requires 44-48 grams of protein daily. A pure vegetarian diet provides 83 grams of protein to men and 61 grams of protein to female according to a Harvard research. Amino acids necessary for growth and maintenance can be obtained from dairy products or by taking a combination of two plant foods. Plants are far richer in vitamins and minerals compared to meat and fish.

Human teeth and intestine are designed for eating and digesting plant foods so it is no wonder that major health problems can be traced to meat consumption. World Health Statistics consistently show short life expectancies among heavy flesh eating people like the Eskimos, Laplander, Greenlanders and Russian Kurgis tribes.

Cancer is often correlated in scientific studies with a high meat diet. Many researchers consider meat with its high content of cholesterol as the leading cause of heart attack. The uric acid deposits in the muscle fibers of meat, in addition to the body’s own daily production of uric acid is too much for one’s kidneys and liver to eliminate causing rheumatism, headache, epilepsy, hardening of arteries and nervousness. Vegetarians demonstrate far greater endurance, stamina and quickness of recovery from fatigue than meat eaters.

Non-vegetarians take a greater amount of residual agriculture, chemicals, industrial pollutants, antibiotics and hormones than vegetarians. According to The Meat Handbook, seventy known animal diseases can be transmitted to man through non-vegetarian food.

Vegetarian helps to prevent world hunger and waste of natural resources. An acre of land used for cereals can provide five times and used for legumes can provide ten times more protein than used for meat production. Therefore, the meat of rich consumes the bread of poor. According to Dr. Aaron Altschul, a vegetarian diet requires 300 gallons of water each day for one person as compared to 2500 gallons of water required for a non-vegetarian diet.

Many great people like Annie Besant, Mahatma Gandhi, Alexander Pope, George Bernard Shaw, Leo Tolstoy etc. have been vegetarians.

Animals are living creatures with feelings and capable of suffering. The more helpless a creature, the more it is entitled to protection by man. The production of non- vegetarian food causes pain, suffering and ultimate death of animals from whom they are taken. So, we are morally bound to give up non-vegetarian diet.

THE NEED TO INSTIL HUMANITY

Have you ever heard a donkey being asked to behave like a donkey? But humans are often requested to behave like humans. The reason being man is the most superior creation of God. He has got the quality of human nature and animals the quality of brute. So, man’s life needs to posses a meaning beyond self-preservation. Values are foundation of a meaningful life.

Values may differ from person to person due to differences in culture, religion, experience and family. But the base of each value should be goodness. Values donot teach how to be happy but how to make oneself worthy of happiness. They make a person understand his limitations and the great heights to which he can rise. Man is responsible for his own deeds, so it is necessary to keep a check on one’s actions. Values help us to do so.

Just as coal gets transformed under tremendous pressure into diamond and the new name is accepted everywhere, similarly human values render the lives and hearts of people pure and sacred. Life doesn’t get meaningful just by making resolutions or by addressing values on some sacred occasion, but these values have to be lived throughout our lives. Man must not move from his values even if there is a treat of danger or loss.

The problems the world is facing today are not because there is a lack of intellectual capacity but because there is a lack of values. A minimum standard of moral conduct should be obvious to everyone.

Edwin Markhani said, ‘We are blind until we see that in the human plan, nothing is worth the making if it does not make the man. Why build these cities glorious, if man unbuilded goes? In vain we build the world, unless the builder also grows.’